1. Power part
The power part of the internal combustion forklift is mostly powered by a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. It has gasoline engine, diesel engine and liquid petroleum gas engine; the power device of electric forklift is composed of battery and DC series motor. In recent years, new types of forklifts have come out, and their power is dual fuel or dual power. The drive train is the device that receives power and transmits it to the driving train. It generally has two types of mechanical drive train and hydromechanical drive train. The former consists of a friction clutch, a gear transmission, a universal transmission, a main drive and a differential installed in the drive axle; the latter replaces the friction clutch with a hydraulic pitch converter, and the rest is the same as the former. In recent years, a new type of forklift has come out, which adopts a full hydraulic transmission system. Reduced transmission components to ensure reliability.
2. Chassis part
The driving system is a device that ensures the rolling operation of the forklift and supports the entire forklift. It consists of brackets, axles, wheels, and suspension devices. The front axle of the forklift is a drive axle, which is to increase the front axle axle load when carrying a load. , in order to improve the adhesion quality on the driving wheel and increase the ground adhesion to ensure that the driving force of the engine can be fully exerted. The rear axle is a steering axle. Steering device
Located in front of the driver, levers such as the gear lever are placed on the right side of the driver's seat.
The steering system is a system used to make the forklift travel in the direction determined by the driver's wishes. The forklift steering system can be divided into two types: mechanical steering system and power steering system according to the energy required for steering. The former uses the driver's physical energy as the steering energy, and is composed of three parts: the steering gear, the steering transmission mechanism and the operating mechanism; the latter is a steering device that uses the driver's physical energy and engine power as the steering energy. Under normal circumstances, only a small part of the energy required for forklift steering is provided by the driver, and most of it is provided by the engine. Supplied with steering booster. However, when the steering booster device fails, the driver should generally be able to independently undertake the steering task of the vehicle. When the forklift is operating, the steering and walking are changeable. In order to reduce the driver's manipulation burden, the internal combustion forklift adopts a power steering device. There are three types of power steering devices commonly used: integral power steering gear, semi-integrated power steering gear and steering booster. The braking system is the system that slows down or stops the forklift. It consists of a brake and a brake transmission mechanism. The braking system can be divided into three types: manual braking system, dynamic braking system and servo braking system according to the braking energy. The former uses the driver's physical energy as the braking energy; the middle relies entirely on the potential energy in the form of air pressure or hydraulic pressure converted from the power of the engine as the braking energy; the latter is a combination of the former and the middle.
On the counterbalanced forklift, the back of the forklift is equipped with a counterweight to balance the quality of the goods in the front of the forklift.
3. Work part
The working part is the direct working mechanism of the forklift for loading and unloading operations. It consists of the following 5 parts:
(1) Pick-up tool. It is a variety of work attachments represented by forks, which are used to fork, grip and shovel goods.
(2) Lifting shelves. It is used to install forks or other work attachments, and to drag the goods up and down together.
(3) Gantry. It is the skeleton of the working device, and most of the parts of the working device are installed on the gantry. The two-section gantry consists of an outer gantry and an inner gantry that can be lifted up and down along the outer gantry; the three-section gantry consists of three inner, middle and outer gantry.
(4) Gantry tilting mechanism. The front and rear inclination of the gantry is realized, which is mainly composed of inclining oil cylinders.
(5) Lifting mechanism. The power unit and traction unit for dragging the cargo up and down. It is mainly composed of a sprocket, a chain and a lifting cylinder that drives the rack to rise and fall.
(6) Hydraulic control system. It is a combination of timely control devices for the lifting of goods, the inclination of the gantry and other actions completed by the hydraulic system. It consists of hydraulic components, pipelines and control mechanisms.
4. Electrical equipment.
Electrical equipment is mainly composed of batteries, forklift lighting, various warnings, alarm signal devices and other electrical components and lines. The battery forklift has a series-excited DC motor; the internal combustion engine forklift has an electric starter; in addition, the gasoline engine forklift has a high-voltage spark ignition device.
